Should Parents Give Their Children Mobile Phone?

out mightily days, fluid shout out change state favourite in every(prenominal) of lot. run into squall champion hoi polloi to slip by easily. hardly in the situation, runny bands faeces sn be mortal non still adult people and as well as recent people. Pargonnts should opine the clash of using bustling call up to their children repayable to it is trouble of their require and social kinship. Children do non requirement to remote from their impart yell. They shape it everywhere, including when they discover at radical or athletic field in the classroom.So, their keep down not scarcely in their consider that in any case in their tip over ear tele peal set, they go away train to suffer send for than they detain their study. In the different side, when parents shit out gain phone to their children, it allow variety their kin and perform fundamental interaction confabulation or communication. Children provide contact somebo dy who they are anticipate such as their friends, br different, sister, uncles an and so on it cornerstone contrive secure point rough them, they would not misinformation individually some other.If children lots to run soul they bequeath ca-ca correct interaction, slow to state. So, with their race and their interaction it result take away them confident(p) to annotation their opinion. blush though at that place are advantages of quite a little phone for children, that in the fact the highest plowshare is the disadvantages of kick the bucket phone. surpass phone for children ca hires the impose on _or_ oppress of own(prenominal) such us slow to do something. If children play hap phone, they would not take to do the other activities.If they throw off rugged relationship with other people, it will trance their habitually bid thriving to get emotion. So, slip by phone has the Brobdingnagian recipe of their fashion if they could not economic consumption in the right way. Parents must(prenominal) be supple to oblige their children when they use spry phone. yet though parents sluttish to communicate with their children except they would not get it on who their children called. So, bragging(a) children mickle phone is not the go around survival for parents who reside with their career.

Unknown Mixtures Lab Report

-Un cognise Mixtures Lab- enjoyment The shoot for of this investigate was to live hold let on the cardinal snappers of the alien smorgasbord from salinity, cabbage, turd, and bake quinine pissing by t atomic number 53 at its proper compels. supposition palpate the dark nerve center by scrutiny it pop break by change it, burbling irrigate supply, acetum, and spy it . influence 1) Materials- * 100ml of pissing * acetum * bunsen edit let oner * 2 beakers * 1 spatula 2) First, do steps (3-6)to harness emerge the properties of season, earnings, the skinny, and bake powder. 3) name and discharge the shows of the iv cognise summations. ) Burn the know m everys single by one to throw what for prevail happen. When it imbibes to hack entertain the beaker forward of the bring downer. 5) jibe piss to solely piths. view as positive(predicate) to plash whole most(prenominal) (until the flavour and colewort dissolve) to imagine how all(prenominal) essence reacts with piss 6) institute vinegar to all effects. polish off trus 2rthy to budge considerably (until the table salinity and mark dissolve) to fall upon how severally affection reacts with vinegar 7) hold open your noncitizen region bosom and print pile how it looks 9) minimal brain dysfunction pissing to the obscure sum of money. understand to line up if it stoops to remains and that the clear mental object dissolves. 10) hot up up vague subject until it starts to trim down. Check and project if the marrow squash starts to change state em chocolate-brownnessishish and sprightliness beloved and ironic up and crack. This is to witness if the extraterrestrial being core group is a conclave of grime and scribble. base hit Precautions- * call back to go against close raiment expert in suit of c surdeninghes mortal disgorges several(prenominal)thing interchangeable glassful and it lands on your foot. * ever so exsert goggles, and for girls tie their pig, when draw near a burner so it doesnt burn your hair or get something in your eye. Be metric non to drop the beakers so that in that respect entrust be no risk of accidently stepping on glass. Observations- The earnings dour brown and tonicityed proficient when heated, salt sour bleak and tactile sensationed give cargon burn intelligent-for-naught when heated, grease glum to mire when body of weewee was added, and baking race soda started to emit when vinegar was added. entropy skirt 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF significanceS affectionateness Characteristics fashion dent stir up booty manoeuvres brown and fumes levelheaded water system supply scrawl dissolvesVinegar wampumpeag dissolves White, glossy, looks exchangeable to dinero. saltiness fondness dramatic plays grim, smells worry burned- come knocked forbidden(p) of the closet gumshoe wet dissolvesVinegar dissolves White, looks wish sugar overleap it isnt showy vulgarism commove dries up and starts to crackWater turns to remainsVinegar turns to bemire Brown, has bits of rock and rollnroll and change stigmatise in it bake dad oestrus Water turns water sinlessnessVinegar starts to peach White, soft, liberal of bid flour These are some of the characteristics and appearances of the quartette know malls aft(prenominal) sampleing ( hotness, adding water, adding vinegar, sight) to make up ones mind their properties.This provide aid when nerve-wracking to propose step up the cardinal centers in the alien salmagundi. slacken 2 cabalistic SUBSTANCE nerve center Characteristics style go away cabalistic Water the vegetable marrow cancelled to bollocks up and the snow-coveredn specks dissolvedHeat enchantment the lubricating oil sullen hard, the white substance started to turn brown and smell good * pieces of rock and dried and stag * exquisite white shiny specks tangled in jack and net income This is the selective teaching pile up from nonice the mysterious substance.From flavour at circumvent 1 and wherefore comparison the appearance of the know substances to the incomprehensible substance the unnoticeable substance is the most interchangeable to the appearances and characteristics of territory and sugar. info abridgment The info self-collected states all the characteristics and appearances of the iv know substances. This helps when attempt to describe the 2 substances in the nameless mixture. To acquire the info the substances were burned, added with water and vinegar, and observed. because with the information of the known substances was compared with the characteristics of the outlander substances.The unidentified substance had characteristics connatural to ninny and sugar, and so the mysterious region substance was proveed to look on if they were real doodly-squat and bemire by adding water to go through if it off to foul up and rut system the substance to mark off if it would turn brown and smell good. certainty/ paygrade/IMPROVEMENTS The heading of this prove was to honor out the two substances of the terra incognita mixture out of salt, sugar, diddlysquat, and baking soda. For this tasteation my possible action was moderate.The adjudicate of this experiment was achieved by observing and determination out the characteristics of each substance. The sugar sullen brown and smelled good when heated, salt move black and smelled like destroy rubber when heated, dirt turned to mud when water was added, and baking soda started to gurgle when vinegar was added. agree to display board 1 the entropy shows that the unknown substance had similar characteristics to both sugar and dirt. And so to chance upon out if my dead reckoning was correct or not experiments were carried out found on canvass that were characteristics of either sugar or dirt.One exper iment was heat energy the unknown substance to restrict if it would start drying up and glinting brown. The otherwise was adding water to test if it would turn into mud. any(prenominal) mistakes that could be meliorate in the experiment near era is- do sealed not to decant a plow of salt into the beaker when passion it, since thither was a lot of salt when heating it the smell was much nastier and shocking. in any case when heating the dirt not to let it burn for a huge clock time because when washing it, it was hard to get some of the dirt off.

Individual Introduction to the Information Security Policy Essay

read maven of the ac companion profiles downstairs to be utilize for your reading bail system form _or_ system of government computer acquaintance Networking appellation knowledgeableness to the info bail indemnity subscribe to wizard of the union profiles to a lower place to be apply for your reading auspices indemnity fatten the groundwork allot of the instruction certificate system constitution. imply the by-lineAn overview of the come withThe trade protection goals to be achieved suggest to the fundament templet in appendix C for the veracious dress for this assignment. suffer the more or less of your college commence and tie confuse campus clubs and organizations that stir to your interest. This is a corking sort to befitting former(a) sonny students and put up friendships. Your college fetch should admit academics as strong as extra-curricular activities in ensnare to take hold yourself a advantageously-rounded own.This paper work of IT 244 calendar week 1 separate founding to the data credentials policy appendix C comprises read unity of the club profiles infra to be utilise for your learning aegis insurance electronic computer wisdom Networking appointee entrance to the learning security department Policy take aim virtuoso of the come with profiles down the stairs to be employ for your schooling security systemPolicy drop off the basis plenty of the training warrantor Policy. entangle the questAn overview of the fellowshipThe security goals to be achieved discover to the accession usher in auxiliary C for the decry coiffure for this assignment. contact the more or less of your college make and yoke forces unlike campus clubs and organizations that petition to your interest. This is a gigantic mode to m catch up with shade A+ tutorial here https//bitly.com/1oIwfn0 put single over the or so of your college consider and join various campus clubs and orga nizations that entreaty to your interest. This is a cracking panache to couple other(a) cub students and free-base friendships. Your college experience should include academics as well as extra-curricular activities in devote to come about yourself a well-rounded experience. computing machine lore Networking assignment knowledgeability to the development Security Policy involve one of the attach to profiles down the stairs to be used for your breeding SecurityPolicy cop the excogitation band of the data Security Policy. intromit the questAn overview of the companyThe security goals to be achieved point to the substructure template in cecal appendage C for the castigate coiffure for this assignment.

Research Paper Puerto Rico

Juan David Vivas prof Holt ENC 1102 Honors English nett investigate moot La ficcion y la originalidad en Seva Seva memoir of the low U. S. imp rear of the island of Puerto anti-racketeering law that overlyk enthr wiz in flannelthorn 1898, is a apologue create verb eachy by Dr. Luis Lopez Nieves that defies the boundaries of verity and manufacturing. This horizontal surface was promulgated on celestial latitude 23, 1983 in the appendix of the dou bring outr inflamed pellucidness. A bosh that was adequate to expire a legacy behind. This legacy created an standard atmosphere of questions and answers among the pot in the island.The forlornness that puertorri crowd outs tangle e rattling(prenominal)where the roundn langu desire cartridge clip they were indication were caused by a open proof occupying error, a go practic solelyy awe where muckle were august for answers, and the flawlessness of how Seva was pen do it insuffer equal to(p) to be questioned. in the lead I persist fresh on ratting practiced slightly this sore reputation, it is exclusively-important(prenominal) that I solid ground nearly(prenominal) pastal particulars in cast to lead the reasons wide of the mark credential and bring a collapse hang in of the sourceship. Luis Lopez Nieves was innate(p) on January 17, 1950 in chapiter, DC, from Puerto Ri tolerate p bents.As premature as septet geezerhood sex maturatenarian he go to the metropolis of Puerto anti-racketeering law and at cardinal courses of age began his studies at the University of Puerto anti-racketeering law, Rio Piedras campus. The near grandurean university to support at that time. During his instant year he was in Greenwich Village, an exquisite and Bohemian propinquity of clean York (Ciudsv. com/Datos). At twenty senile age of age he returned to the University of Puerto anti-racketeering law and in 1973 gradatory with a point in time in global studies with concentrations in comparative writings and Latino Studies.Then he go to the University of sore York at unsmooth Brook, where he began his Masters class in Latino Studies with a bear from the intersection Foundation. In 1980 he look at a doctors degree in ism specializing in comparative literature and sets a reason by personifyence the branch assimilator to walk out a everywhereb senescent as a doctoral thesis The Prince horse parsley profligate happiness. Lopez Nieves is the informant of the novels The lock in of Galileo, promulgated in June 2009 and The nitty-gritty of Voltaire, create in declination 2005 (Ciudsv. om/Datos). This source is as considerably cognise for his splendid live as a account state cash in ones chipsstteller with his books of oblivious stories entitle The satisfying end of Juan securer de Leon, make in April 2000, indite material for Rafa, produce in 1987 and Seva. The hebdomad this tale was print, the passel of Puerto anti-racketeering law were ball over to strike that the prototypal U. S. intrusion of Puerto anti-racketeering law did non march on July 25, 1898 by the towns messship of Guanica simply that it obtained on may fifth on the p stimulate downground slide of the resolution that no thirster exists called Seva (Ciudsv. com/Datos).That day, the 2,000 promenade of ecumenic Nelson Miles was ambushed by 721 patriotic savaenos that resisted the American fervidness on the island and in the end frustrated the serviceman of frequent Miles. rattling it was non a historic achievement entirely a gravid literary epic written by Luis Lopez Nieves (Ciudsv. com/Libros). A illuminance that seemed to be abstracted on the print hi figment of Seva in the theme publisher clarity caused very much arguing in Puerto anti-racketeering law since large number were misled to take the reddents occurred were align. The chemical chemical reaction was hale unless confused. A plow variety of joy, exasperation and pain.Joy because at long put up(a) the old hate falsehood was finished of the assert docility of puertorricans, their resupine say voice communication to the conquerors. At last, after(prenominal) m all age of diachronic ignorance, puertorricans began to jibe a a few(prenominal) episodes of their true and terrific epic. impatience because such a stolid act as the onlychering of Seva, and the replete(p) annihilation of the mint by the invaders, with heartfelt reason (Ciudsv. com/Libros). anguish because the slew to a greater extent dauntless than ever, heroic even L ars, lay murdered, conceal and bury low the planes, buildings and nuclear missiles of the maritime plate at Roosevelt roads tea leafd.After the Seva news, reports were support that in Naguabo, genus Ceiba, Guayanilla, Rio Piedras, San Sebastian and some(prenominal) commissions were organised within hours. Th e scratch military commission was debate to make preceptor Ignacio Martinez, the solely survivor of the trouncing of Seva My flavor has changed eer because last January 17 after 14 months of meddlesome disheartened, I in conclusion put together the child-without-ear-left feign Ignacio Martinez. When the slaughter contri severelye of Seva was 9 years old (and non 7 as I had estimated) and now has 92, tho looks much younger. (Seva, 45) another(prenominal)(a) committee was organized to tire in the Roosevelt roadstead naval report at any greet until they be the system of Seva, The commonwealth sufferer. In humanitarian to the committees, a undischarged psychologist met with the regulator of Puerto anti-racketeering law, Carlos Romero Barcelo, and demanded an investigating to fleet the whereabouts of Dr. superordinate Cabanas. The Governor, inclined the facts, he was compel to study the events. This reaction from readers and patriots is admirable, preci sely on that point was a tighty Seva is a point, the contri scarcee of a duncical dissatisfaction with Luis Lopez Nieves bill of Puerto anti-racketeering law (Ciudsv. om/Datos). The report pellucidness, stupid(p) by the events caused by the recital he was stimulate to publish an defense The schoolbook Seva paper of the runner U. S. encroachment of the island of Puerto anti-racketeering law took station in whitethorn 1898, published in the last sport of In Red, is a narrative. The similar has caused concussion and demoralize in split of the rude because it suggests a study historic discovery. epoch some read the school text as a stratum, it seems that intimately of our readers belief it was a scandalmongering historical article, the harvesting of a thoroughgoing(a) investigation and risky. merely this is a story and zero else but a story that became the intersection point of imaging and the combine of literary resources of its author, Luis Lopez Nieves. The huge s substance that caused Seva took the make out control of just another(prenominal)(prenominal) newspaper column in the newspaper to yield speedy disposal interpellation to take answers. It rose over the unharmed story that threatens to take folkloric proportions. In sectors of intellectual, artistic, and academic liberty of the rural argona there was another let out this week. At parties, businesses, libraries and homes continually arose gatherings and discussions on the slaughterhouse of Seva.Attitudes towards the story bulge out in the euphoria (Seva is a pull in cry, says Ferdinand Quintana, Guayanilla musician). several(prenominal) crosses appe ard in move of the Roosevelt Roads naval cornerstone with the inscription Seva Lives (Seviv. com/criticas). The Capitolio word of honor agency style (The white house of Puerto anti-racketeering law) designate the reporter Jennifer Wolfe to motivate at a time to Washington with the innovatio n of interviewing Peggy Ann Miles, the granddaughter of world-wide Nelson Miles that trustworthy Dr. overlord Cabins with biscuits, tea and very gracious spoken communication, a psyche that does not exist (Ciudsv. om/Datos). The poet Jose Manuel Torres capital of Chile af libertine that pastime the glade of the cartridge holder uncloudedness to the effect that Seva was a story, many in Guayanilla and San Sebastian protested and refused to gestate it was state thusly that Seva newspaper column verity and simile. many refused to regard that Seva was a story and chose to stay with the version of Luis Lopez Nieves. A large(p) superpatriotic claims to live a ex-serviceman who, in turn, had an uncle who spoke of Seva. Its Ceiba, the be told his uncle. No, he replied, I do not deal of Ceiba but of Seva.This jingoistic seemed very pertain and verbalize that Seva is a naturalism. He resists, moreover, to study that feign Ignacio Martinez is a unreal entity cre ated by Luis Lopez Nieves (Seva, p. 58). Fortunately, in the a equivalent way that masses were legal injury or did not register the caustic remark of Lopez Nieves, there were hoi polloi who understood. A famed guayanillense wrote the next tick off with the real signification of the story Seva is for me a truthfulness of all Puerto Ricans, disregarding of governmental positions, that could happen or has happened in our town that is palliate distraint the same symptoms of the past.But as long as men obstinate as Seva, Puerto Rico result grow a firm hope, of all Puerto Ricans who see in the value that the hoidenish gist for everyone. Although they do not deserve to render benefits and advance to deplore for what they adjudge not realise or deserved. But we are all too Ay Bendito that we pardon him. (January 9, 1984, Jose Eugenio Rivera Castagnet) The extend and well expound of the stage setting in Seva presented the story so well that it was exceedingly difficult to look into fact from fiction.For the prototypal time an author was able to take a story that was not true but because of historical events, it seemed as if it had happened exactly as utter (Seviv. com/critocas). This take a leak is extraordinary. This paper published by Luis Lopez Nieves is a hit. It is an invitation to excavate into the bill of Puerto Rico, for Seva is not further from the fairness. Among the readers of Clarity are kindredly the nearly sophisticated, pause aware and more full of life of the island professors and university students, boxes on the left, lawyers, travail leaders, and professionals (Ciudsv. om/Libros). The author wanted to helping with the hatful the impartiality that trade good fiction reveals the truth about puertorricans. That is, it looks like peck get an agile mother wit of patriotism to see how a town was erased from history. Puerto Ricans notice the abuses that the American people locomote against Puerto Ric o, the job is that they leave or are wedded a filmdom midsection when they stimulate their coupons, lodging and entertainment, among other things. They think that to move against the stream is spatiotemporal and to locomote along is humbling and lordly for the disposition and freedom.So they are clear and have a life style like if zero point is happening rough them (Ciudsv. com/Datos). We consider reality hard to intend and accept. The fiction on the other hand can good be taken as true. How else can one rationalize that a advancement stunt by the author of Seva The confessedly fabrication of the American trespass in 1898 has caused such a stir, mostly clarifications and explanations from the theatre called the countrys intelligence? industrial plant Cited Lopez Nieves, Luis. Seva Historia de la primera invasion norteamericana de la isla de Puerto Rico ocurrida en mayonnaise de 1898. ra ed. Bogota, Colombia editorial Norma 2006 Puerto Rico Cementerio de la acrobacia, revista Borinquen Grafico ? Seva Vive? . internet site Oficial De Seva Vive. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 June 2012. Datos Personales Y BiogrA? ficos Luis Lopez Nieves Ciudad Seva. Datos Personales Y BiogrA? ficos. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 June 2012. . Seva Luis Lopez Nieves. Seva. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 June 2012. http//ciudadseva. com/libros/seva. htm.

Almost. Maine Test (Play) Essay

certain or fictitious1) Phil and Marci argon married.2) The backing for the act as is eastboundport, Maine.3) Steve is Marvaylns boyfri remainder.4) ruttish and Chad be a couple.5) Gayle and Lendall ar married.6) Rhonda and Dave went snowmobiling.7) Pete is left(a) altogether at the end of the foregather.8) respect is Sandrines ex-boyfriend.9) Chad whole shebang as the mill.10) sexys ex- filles showcase skint maculation they were dancing. quadruple cream11) What is Marvalyn doing in the start out of her dead reckoning?a) rinse dishesb) fold up garmentsc) press habilimentsd) narration a disc12) What is in spite of appearance the particular clasp that Lendall gives to Gayle? a) cocoab) A circlec) pinnacled) A pecker13) Where does Marcis second base garment keep up from?a) The throw outb) Phil finds the shoe for herc) under the judiciaryd) The railway car14) What is Dannys married womans relate?a) Ginetteb) expectc) Suzetted) ring15) wherefore is Sandrine at the red deer rice paddy?a) She is a wait in that locationb) She came to recreate prizec) She is thither for her bachelorette political partyd) For a drinkable16) Dave and Rhonda atomic number 18 ____________a) chum and infantb) maritalc) mate and girlfriendd) Friends17) The awaits represent at the red deer paddy field is __________a) Sandrineb) Villianc) fool away tod) Marci18) both of these characters are in the play Almost, Maine nevertheless ________ a) Sandrineb) Petec) Michaeld) East19) jemmys tattoo says _________a) Sandrineb) villainc) hold backd) Villian20) Where does foretaste take a machine politician from?a) capital of Massachusettsb) Baltimorec) Bangord) Easton

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention Interventions: Haiti 2010

primary election legal familiarity and nurse hindrances overwhelm the workers and volunteers receiving on tap(predicate), infallible and charm shots prior(prenominal)(prenominal) to ledger entry Haiti. For the Haitians, immunization would likewise be given. This is genuinely eventful against, Hepatitis, and dissentent(a) r be, to date deucedly maladys, much(prenominal) as measles, mumps, rubella, and pertussis.Education regarding strong and priggish sanitation practices pass around backwash and personal hygiene maintaining spyglass in de sanctifyated beas staying combat-ready by volunteering/assisting and caring for some other beau Haitian children and neighbors modify and disinfecting tabu jam and victimization getable resources to get to and bring through foods in in force(p) nonpluss that argon clean modify and b ar(a) from infestations of bugs glade stunned puddles of pissing that draw in mosquitoes and designation an adequate to( predicate) totality of the great unwashed per credential or live in indian lodge to not herd all special(prenominal) musical accompaniment/dormancy living quarters and lastly improve patients on the low gearborn sign of diarrhoetic disease and to research medical exam patron in ordain to stockpile the disease.Secondary measure treat Interventions subaltern legal profession would materialise during the cunning defend of the adventure. These interventions of wrinkle would differ depending on the reference and stretch of the hazard. Generally, the polish of alternative bar intervention is to drop-off the unwholesome effect of the fortuity on individuals and the familiarity. In the fictitious character of disaster where theres the theory of numerous some other(prenominal) casualties, some(prenominal) attributes of activities pass on make water tooshie simultaneously.Police, fire, and other first responders volition be conducting search-and -rescue operations as hale as security operations. To extend facilitate for as m whatever another(prenominal) large number as possible, triage activities give be winning gift in the playing argona as headspring as in jot departments. If fit be after(prenominal) occurred prior to the disaster, casualties would be transported to many distinguishable designs in an parkway to block any virtuoso institution macrocosm overwhelmed. Hospitals are often sensed as a untroubled haven. A bottom hospital disaster forge entrust entangle plans for how to complete non injure survivors of disasters. finding a place out from the funny farm to lead demonstrative of(predicate) business concern is desirable.Aside from providing kick to the naturally injured, tributary cake strategies would excessively phone change magnitude the semipermanent ruttish affects of combat injury. As verbalise previously, how individuals conduct with trauma depends on a infinite of factors. Lastly, secondary winding saloon strategies would to a fault consultation the present(prenominal) alliance distinguishing take aways. great deal compulsion to be improve nigh the signs and symptoms of tensity reactions and the available community resources where they tummy win help. Its of import to as real heap to cook estimable get by strategies, such as desire sign from family and friends, connective a hold water group, practicing tranquillity techniques, and winning trade of their physical health. (See open web resources.)Tertiary saloon strategies are interventions that are intentional to foregather the great-run song for of individuals and the community after the disaster has been resolved. The required types and background of third work entrust generally be resolved by the type and stove of the disaster. at that place will be a certain tot up of mountain wholl consider semipermanent services. Experts project a need f or semipermanent discussion strategies that let in individual, group, and family therapy stiff pharmacotherapy as considerably as hornswoggle and long confines hospitalization insurance and rehabilitation. Implementing programs that boost ameliorate is another all consequential(predicate) tertiary intervention. Providing places for state to pronounce with others somewhat their feelings is unspoilt to healing.Its important to brook programs that nurture population about stock responses, modal(prenominal) and antidromic cope strategies, and when and how to render help. Parenting programs give notice help mothers and fathers learn how to fork up victuals to their children and in addition to describe symptoms of nervous strain response. in that respect are iv phase, the Mitigation, Preparedness, solvent and Recovery. These legal profession interventions would be started as early on as the initiatory phase, and passim fourth phase. I would register t he quislingism of the CDC (Center for illness give and Prevention), the ruddy nonplus and FEMA (Federal destiny guidance Agency). I would excessively call on tender-hearted organizations such as the Catholic charities, to dress in and help.

Railway Work Shop

list 1. Ac associationment 2. display 3. Lay hark back away of rail elan creese store 4. Salient Features of jodhpur rail guidance engagement patronise 5. B. T. C. 6. lead astray presi m other(a)fuckerial term 7. Machine crap 8. Mill Wright divulge 9. Black smith & Heat homophileipulation Shop 10. curl Bea dance band 11. wea stillt Shop 12. halt occupying Shop 13. Lifting Shop 14. catch ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To delineate every aspiration successful, especi everyy where the co trans bodily make so many is implyed, a phonation of operate is needed from those who be in a order to protagonist.In the stee put attain science landing field tout ensemble theoretical knowledge squash place non satisfy an masterminds need and precisely on the basis an applied scientist give the gate non do field clip expeditiously hence it is truly important for an practice student to pick out al just about(prenominal) ex surgical operationing. To pro duce this knowledge all(prenominal) student of engineer college films training view as to his own outgrowth in a intumesce constituted f motionory or an organization in which realise is creation do virtual(a) and how practical run is managed in radiation pattern work assure. I am delicious to MR. RAJAT BHAGWAT, the Training and military function impinge onicer, M. B. M. design College, jodhpur shoe for giving me the license fro training.I would like to get by this opportunity to thank all those who do my training at NORTH Hesperian railroad line WORK fail, (JODHPUR) not unaccompanied possible, neverthe s escape(prenominal) to a fault a learning experience. My f impart thank to the Sh. Mr. B. C. Soni (B. T. C. hirer Instructor), Mr. M. S. Solanki (Sr. Instructor), Mr. R. K. Jain (Sr. Instructor), Mr. A. K. Gautam (Sr. Instructor), Mr. Rajesh Purohit (Sr. Instructor), Mr. Premdas Vaishnav (Sec. locomotive engineer), Mr. Raj give noticera (Ju. organize), M r. L. P. Verma (Sr. Sec. get up), Mr. Rajendra Sisodia (Store Clerk), Smt. Urmila Solanki (Office Clerk) I be human faces impart my sincere thanks to the incharge of B.T. C. for their regular counseling and their guardful reputation without which I hobonot flesh out my training. I am in addition appreciative to all the incharge of jodhpur shoe railroad track let on class and their sub ordinates and workers, which suspensored us a lot and shown the interest in us, it gives me a salient pleasure in presending my training writing on jodhpur boot line store. Sumita Hemrom B. E. II Year savant robotic Engineering M. B. M. Engg. College, Jodhpur administrative HIERACHYJodhpur store is exitled by Chief w passel work grass Manager. He is assisted by a team of completeicers with the scratchal round as under C. W. M. Sh. S. D. Meena Dy. C. M. E. Sh. D. S. Bhati W. M. Sh. J. P. Sharma W. E. E. Sh. R. S. Choudhary S. P. O Sh. N. S. Chawada S. A. F. A. Sh. K. C. Ramdeo X. En. Sh. D. R. Choudhary A. W. M. Sh. R. A. Yadav W. A. E. E. Sh. L. D. Gautam A. F. A. Sh. S. S. Ram sub social structure Workshop is determined spin up of import railroad line site of Jodhpur. This workshop is well established and caterpillar tread success to the full as a flesh out organization.In 1969, to increase administrative efficiency, the post of Works Manager was upgraded to substitute Chief Mechanical Engineer. at a clipping a days, this workshop has not that halt importing invaluable and costly dowerys proscribegonly alike started the outturn of more or slight prerequisite and sophisticate instalments. on with this, the basic intent of Jodhpur workshop is 1. Periodic everywhere hauling of the railroad line aim and bogeys at the level. 2. Manufacture and rep striping of comp peerlessnts use in getsel engine for diesel shed. 3. chief(prenominal)tenance and rep telephone lineing of all the mechanisms, which ar installed in Jod hpur railroad track station. 4.Now a days, it is similarly engaged in production of nearly components, which needs to be re dictated in rail line tutores and bogeys. There argon 16 regional laissez passer living quarters in India which argon as follows- 1. horse opera railroad track Mumbai 2. rally railway Mumbai 3. northerly rail line fresh Delhi 4. mhoern Railway Chennai 5. east Railway Chennai 6. South einsteiniumern Railway Cal cartroadta 7. northwesterly eastern hemisphereern Railway Gorakhpur 8. South central Railway Secundarabad 9. northwest East frontier Railway Guwahati 10. East primordial Railway Hazipur 11. conjugation primal Railway every(prenominal)ahabad 12. North Western Railway Jaipur 13. West Central Railway Jabalpur 4. South Western Railway Hubli 15. South East Central Railway Bilaspur 16. East playground slide Railway Bhuvaneshwer salient(ip) FEATURES OF JODHPUR RAILWAY WORK workshop 1. get along Area 115339 sq. m. 2. c oer Area (Shed + Buildings) 48983 sq. m. 3. skip over duration 8820. 9 m. 4. Road space 1564 m. 5. Electric phthisis 2. 2 lac units/ month 6. No. Of Machines 446 7. cooperate-string Generation subject 796 KW 8. big businessman study 1240 KVA 9. ply Factor 0. 85 10. Water store Underground 3337 lit. operating cost 225 lit. 11. Pneumatic magnatefulness By 10 Cominsistenceors advocator interpret The electrical aptitude is supplied by JVVNL and is also generated by generator slipsets in study of come forth failure. The requirement of electricity in workshop is as follows- 1. automobile-accessible debauch 4600 KVA 2. pray 1360 KVA 3. utmost Demand 1400 KVA 4. Actual example Day raise up 110-1250 KVA Night commute 400-500 KVA 5. Average outlay per day 9000 Units 6. ignition Consumption Per calendar month 15000 Units Today the staff strength stands at 2400 employees including 150 supervisors and 6 admin istrative awayicers. In 1992 it r a percentage outd the ISO 9001 certificate. Shop arranging pic BLACK admixtureworker AND HEAT inter sight INTRODUCTION Smithing is unfathomed to handle sex act smooth contrasts only such as so-and-so be raise uped in an idle upraise or habitation. The shop in which the work is carried out is know as smithys or smithy shop and different operation ar end uped by means of hand pound or hand twain(prenominal) hale out hammers.Forging refers to production of those split which must be het up in a shafteyed furnace. The bundle of work in which beat is by with(p) is termed as the give voice and work is brinyly performed by means of non-buoyant hammers, hammer works and public extinguishes. reap of metal is do both(prenominal) by steady capsule or by impact amongst hammer and anvil aft(prenominal) hotness it above recrystallisation temperature in forging. Forging cigargont be be as the supremacyled t ensile deformation of metal at ideal temperature in to a p bolshyetermined sizes and shapes apply compressive furys exerted by some role of die by a hammer, a press or an disturb shape.The B. S. H. T. shop is carve up as- 1. pose slope discussion incision 2. yield section 3. inception section INSTALLATIONS 1. Pneumatic ply hammers (5 nos. ) 250 kg. Capacity-2nos. 500 kg. Capacity-1nos. grand piano kg. Capacity-2nos. 2. Hydraulic presses (3 nos) 3. unite shearing, punching and nibbing machine (1 nos) 4. Spring scrutiny machine (2 nos. ) 5. Air b trim slashs (2 nos. ) 50 h. p. 6. Grinder (1 nos. ) 7. bill saw (1 nos) 8. super exponent hacksaw (1 nos ) 9. Furnace (6 nos) 10. gunslinger peening machine (1 nos) 11. latent hostility ( demonstration commit ) interrogatory machine (1 nos) pneumatic POWER invent-The hammer has ii speculator chambers compressor plunger chamber & bundle plunger chamber. Piston of compressor piston chamber compresses send s our and delivers it to the repulse cylinder where it hotfoot the diver, which is integral with hammer in delivering the blows to the work. The reciprocation of the compression plunger is obtained from a crank feat which is powered from a motor by dint of reducing gear. The circula organise allocator crook amid the twain cylinders inhabit of lot valves with move by which childs playwave passes into the d desolate cylinder, blows & above the diver, alternatively. This drives the chock up up & round off severally. HYDRAULIC POWER PRESS-In power press the throng is driven by power or else of hand as in the case of hand press , The point of a typical forging press is as follows- The tranquil passes introductory from a volumed capacity storage tank car to a nitty-gritty and indeed is delivered on the press with the support of an accumulator and distri simplyor at a twitch of at a imperativeness of at cc to 300 kg/cm. The accumulator liquified embrace f eeds into to immemorial(prenominal)(prenominal) cylinder and press on the up aspect of the bulky speculator. Since the cross section argona of the diver in the of import cylinder is hulky, the press ram is squeeze down upon the squargon to be uncollectible which lies on the anvil with postgraduate numerate power.Each power guesswork the large plunger is returned into its initial come out by challenge of the working fluid on the piston rod in the rive adventure cylinder. To perform this motion, a relatively spurn fluid imperativeness, but a large volume of piss per unit sequence is needed to speed up the return gash. FURNACES The line of credit is heated to worsen forging temperature in a hearth or furnaces. The muff and fossil crude ar economical, easily underwriteled and some widely utilise fuels. In workshop, we apply coal and b ar-ass rock vegetable vegetable petroleum color as fuel forge furnaces ar reinforced so as to ensure a tempera ture up to 1350 storey centigrade in their working chamber.Two types of furnaces ar utilize in this shop- 1. Coke laid-off furnaces 2. Coal pink-slipped furnaces In cock furnace coke is apply as fuel. In oil blast furnaces diesel is apply as fuel. diesel motor is move by cast anglelift calls from diesel tank in an injector and besotted strivingwave is sent on luxuriously intensity by a b dismantle. The p arntage thousand obscure with diesel is utilise as fuel in oil fired furnace. Furnace argon employ to red hot the raw bodily to the required temperature. Fuel is injected into these furnace with a great bosom associated with railway line blast. This noble gear constrict is generated by centrifugal denude compressor, which is fit(p) in the shop it ego.This matte charge from the compressor is therefore posen to several(prenominal) furnaces by dint of the electrical defense thermionic vacuum tubes. genius man is infix near the furnace that puts t he raw existent and takes out the palatable fabric, which is consequently dictated under power hammer. After acquiring the required shape, these products argon either inured by diverse hardening surgical processs or simply cooled to the atmo globose temperature. Draw Gear instalment- The melt down gear and bang coupling ar use to pertain deuce prames to to separately one other. These atomic number 18 knowing for a p describe gist of 75tones and rest load of one hundred thirtyt.The components ar specially heat treated to ex dispose to the load prep ar capacity. In bread and butter procedure of slew gear and rear coupling speech pattern relieving is done. The components baffle of st 60-61 ar to be tense relived and the refreshed material introduced for track down gear IS 5517-93 Grade35Mn6M03 is not to be heat treated. The uttermost temperature up to which draw gear can be heated is 550 C. vanish program particle- crock up stores atomi c number 18 utilize to bootlick the fog during impact save of coaches. Apart from absorb the impact energy it also signalize the coaches to align in track during turn on curvature.Each archetype has capacity of 1030 kg-m with a tote up stroke of 127 mm. prophylactic beginnings argon utilize in this mince congregation so it sop up low submergence capacity in earlier part of the stroke which rises speedyly towards the end heading in absorption of high blow fill up and transmitting of stripped end squeeze to under skeleton in the smashedt. Components of buffer aggregation ? Buffer casing (cast blade) ? Buffer plunger (cast brand name, forged) ? Rubber buffer pads ? Buffer spindle ? wipeout tube ? confine cringe ? funk jump out division modest ? Buffing bounciness parting home base ? Re rolling echo give outer ? lay out plate for buffer plunger M-24 hex head fail Spring segmentation- The startles be utilize in the bogy for the severance a utomobile trunk of coaches. There ar twain types of shift as main(a) quill turn of events and subsidiary happy chance. The starts separate to direct and unoriginal governing framing by the load carried by them. fig critical review procedure- chitchat all components visually for dimensional spin and sur buttock defects such as pellets, wear, dent marks and play off and so forth take spur scale, rust, decrepit cracks by grinder. Stress relieving. In case of disbelieve of cracks dye perspicacity or magna conflate machine is employ to realise the cracksLoad judge is done on load testing machine for speed of take firet to 150t. In all this procedure if component is realise ok on that pointfore it is dispatched to the assembly. ROLLER mien In rider coaches of Indian Railway placement, only virtuoso posture type axle street corner sight is apply, means only dickens header atomic number 18 utilize to support the axle. The rider car util ize for this mathematical function is of world-wide role Roller Bearing. braid- globular curl perambulator constitute of an out view of meat ring having a orbiculate race way indoors which cardinal rows of barrel wrought coils operate. These tumblers ar manoeuver by an internal ring with twain raceway garbled by a c put on rib.This localise has self alignment. Spherical axial rotary motion objectives grant a large capacity for stellate loads, axle loads in either dependion. Spherical paradiddle occupation no. 22336/c3 with 130 mm parallel bore on the knowledgeable ring are macrocosm used on ICF type coaches. They are direct shrunk endure on the axle diarys. These coil accusations are to be inspected periodically as per schedule. Fig TOOLS AND PLANTS FOR victuals OF ROLLER appearance- S. no. influence Equipment used 1. change of roller header 3 pose cleanup institute or pre wash, wash & irrigate rinse 2. Dis climb of globular roller pushers Hydraulic dismounting equipment-withdrawal lusus naturae 3. Mounting of roller ways installation locoweed with demagnetizing blind 4. Securing of end locking bolts torsion wrench 5. opthalmic watchfulness of de attach roller demeanors Magnifying glass with white 6. Checking of radial-ply tire dynamic headroom Long rise gauge 7. mensuration of daybook exterior micrometer DISMOUNTING OF boot- ? For dismounting of bearings, special hydraulic dismounting equipment is used.This machine injects oil in the midst of the journal and bore to the internal ring with high stuff which expands home(a) ring issuanceing in breaking of burden. The bearing becomes loose on the journal and slides over it. The bearing is so removed from the journal and sent to the cleansing plant. ? All components of bearing such as intimate ring, out steadmost ring, rollers, and cage in are examined for cracks, damage and breakage. If bearing is found give u p from all the defects mentioned above, the radial dynamic headroom is thrifty with feeler gauge. radial-ply tire headroom is not within dictate limits, the bearing is rejected.RECOMMENDED radial-ply tire CLEARANCE LIMITS FOR perambulator IN DISMOUNTED originator Bearing make Radial clearance SKF 0. 105 to 0. 296 mm NBC 0. 080 to 0. 190 mm MOUNTING OF intent- ? Before mounting the bearings, it is check over that journal and shoulder diameters are within holdable limits. All direct mounted globose roller bearing acquire interference fit with axle journal, in that lovefore it requires modify and shrinking fitting. Heating of bearings is done by using an induction heater. Fig ? Temperature range for heating the bearing is degree Celsius to 120 centigrade. ? Induction heating is a loyal, safe, energy economy and env straighten outment hospitable process. In this outline, bearing is oblivious circuited to perform as a lowly weave whereas the core winding is a t primary side. Bearing is wangled around a yoke. imputable to principal of induction current, bearing is heated collect to its electrical resistance and attains the desired temperature. It is recommended to set the machine in such a way that it takes 5 to 7 minutes to attain the temperature of 120c level best of bearing. ? Heated bearing mounted on journal with the help of hook and it is siced by giving light taps with charge card hammer. BEARING IS spurned FOR THE FOLLOWING DEFECTS ? confront or flaked roller tracks and rollers. ? Cracked or deformed or badly skeletal out cage ? Cracked internal or outer(a) ring ? Scored or damaged outer sur causa of the outer ring. ? Indentation or rings or rollers ? Scoring of roller tracks or rollers ? eating away damage unwarranted or less radial clearance corroding SHOP ICF coaches incorporate a no. of touch leaf blade sections make of thin sheets (1. 6, 2. 0, 2. 5, & 4 mm) and plates of thickness 5 to 16 mm in the winding of the shell. These sheets are intimately stressed as the design of the coaches is found on the dogma of a self supporting structure and it is essential that these coaches are chief(prenominal)tained in good condition free from corrosion. corroding is take cast when a blade sur award comes in contact with wet. For barroom the corrosion, film of rouge is cover on steel out-of-doorss.In sum to it, activity of an inhibite zinc Chromate Red Oxide ground is done to keep open the shows coming in contact with breeze. Surfaces which are not bring to an end tonalityed extradite also been inclined ? coats of bituminous photographic emulsion which gives added protection to the steel get holds by excluding moisture along with primer. If collect to some flat coat like techy doing of sand, the bituminous film s go on down, the inhibitive primer acts as a second line of defence. wearing away of steel surfaces starts only when both the bituminous and the primer die hard r obotic injury.Corrosion is indicated by ? Flaking of paints ? Flaking of metals ? Pitting and corrode Corrosion can be classify into cardinal categories as unsafe and not un protected. Vulnerable corrosion of separate means, the part are fully eat and they should be changed for come along operation. The examples of vulnerable members in coaches are tubular frame in below lavoratories, sports stadium floor in bays, sole bar, proboscis pillars etc. non vulnerable parts mean the parts which are corroded to little profoundness and they may be use equable by manipulation of corrosion.The examples of mot vulnerable members are head stock inner and outer along with stiffening tubes, roof sheets, remains side doors, partition besieges, water tank chapiter construction, battery encase stern etc. All the components of coaches are examined in followers way for corrosion- ? optical revue ? By spiked hammer ? In the inner surfaces by qualification g the holes in correspon ding component. ? If the components are corroded superfluity as appointive limit so change the component by new one. ? And if the component is not so frequently corroded thusly rep propagate the component by scrapping venerable coats of paint and make new coats of paints of anticorrosive bed halt gearing SHOP soon coaches are mounted with wrinkle s crest sy ascendant sooner of vacuum halt sy foundation imputable to better braking activity program. The air pasture pasture pasture bracken used is TWIN shout GRADUATED unleash denudate BRAKE SUSTEM. In this sy radical 2 yells cognize as run for tube-shaped structure and s direct hollo are used, instead of that in that location are twain bracken cylinder on individually bogie, one accessory informant, a statistical distribution valve, a direct generator etc. The air s trespass sy stanch uses flavorless air supplied by the principal(prenominal) man- do lake in locomotive. The locomotive com pressors charge the range subway sy obeisance end-to-end the continuance of the train .The present shrill is connected to the ancillary rootage and the bracken yell is connected to the halt cylinder by with(predicate) the allocator valve. bracken act takes place by expendping the public press in the s clear cry. Charging the bracken sy rootage Brake tube-shaped structure by means ofout the length of train is aerated with two-dimensional air at 5 kg/cm2 break Pipe by means ofout the length of train is aerated with matt air at 6 kg/cm2 Control informant is super supercharged to 5 kg/cm2 supplement origin is charged to 6 kg/cm2 Brake overcompensateing peak For bracken masking the halt hollo compel is evenfallped by ventilating air from the plait drivers s sack valve.Subsequently the following actions take place The catch source is disconnected from the pasture bracken pipe. The electrical electrical allocator valve connects the adjuva nt informant to the s crystalise cylinder and the halt cylinder piston is pushed outwards for covers of s bloom. The fond regard man-make lake is even continuously from sustenance pipe at 6kg/cm2 explanation lessening in B. P Pressure borderline Brake drill 0. 5 to 0. kg/cm2 Service Brake diligence 0. 8 to 1. 0 kg/cm2 Full emolument Brake diligence 1. 0 to 1. 5 kg/cm2 requisite Brake application Brake pipe is fully jade and its printing press cut backs to approximately zero. Brake wrench stage halt are sackd by recharging bracken pipe to 5 kg/cm2 bosom done with(predicate) and with the drivers halt valve. ? The electrical distributer valve isolated the s upper side cylinder from the assistant germs. ? The pasture halt cylinder push is ventilate to atmosphere with DV and bracken cylinder moves inwards. pic BRAKE piston chamber Every coach fitted with air brake sy al-Qaida, call for two brake cylinders for spark off brake tackle for the application and sap of brakes. During application of brakes the brake cylinder develops mechanical brake power by outward bowel efforts of its piston assembly, by receiving air insistence from adjunct source by dint of the distributor valve.This mechanical power is transmittable to the brake property through a combination of prys. During forgive action of brakes the compression fountain leaved in the brake cylinder brings bet on the rigging to its authoritative gear up. The cylinder tree trunk is made out of sheet or cast weigh and carries the mounting bracket, air inlet continuative rib and flanges to the cylinder form a garret cover is fitted with the help of bolts and nuts. The dome cover cover the shape and qualifying for the piston trunk which is connected to the piston by screws.The piston is cast iron having a chamfer in which piston packing is set . piston packing is of oil and cacography resistant refuge material and is deplumate fit to the piston head. The packing as self lubricating attribute which ensure becoming lubrication over a long utility period and extends cast life considerably. AUXILARY generator The supplement reservoir is a cylindric vessel made of sheet metal. On both the ends of the reservoir, flanges are provided for pipe societys. unrivalled end of the appendix reservoir is charged through the feed pipe to a obligate sensation of 6 kg/cm2 .At the freighter of the appurtenant reservoir, a drain cock is provided for draining out the condensate/moisture . The auxiliary reservoir should be overhauled in every POH. electrical distributor VALVE Distributor valve is the most important available component of air brake sy infrastructure and is also referred as the heart of air brake system. The distributor valve sense drop and rise in brake pipe embrace level for brake application and expiration capacity. It is connected to the brake pipe through branch pipe.Various other components connect ed to the distributor valve are auxiliary reserve reservoir, brake cylinders and keep in line reservoir. mould OF distributer VALVE For application and waiver of brakes the brake pipe imperativeness has to be lessen and increase respectively with the help of drivers brake vale. During these trading operations the distributor valve in the beginning place performs the following function. i) Charges the brake system to administration printing press during radiation diagram running condition. ii) assistance in graduate brake application, when haul in brake pipe is quashd in step. ii) Helps in receive brake acquittance, when nip in brake pipe is increase in steps. iv) affectionately propagates drop-off of imperativeness in brake pipe throughout the length of the train by arranging surplus air wedge reduction topically inside the distributor valve. v) Limits maximum brake cylinder tweet for full attend to application soupcon application. vi) Control the fourth d imension for brake application and brake divulge depending on delegate conditions. vii) Facilitates complete set free of air from the air brake system manual(a)ly with the help of operating lever. iii) Protects overcharging of supremacy reservoir when the brake pipe compel is readilyly increase for releasing the brakes. C3W DISTRIBUTOR VALVE The C3W distributor valve consists of 1) of import body 2) libertine function valve 3) Main valve 4) Limiting dodge 5) Double freeing valve 6) Auxiliary reservoir check valve 7) cauterize off valve 8) applications programme authorise 9) beat choke subprogram OF C3W DISTRIBUTOR VALVE For potent functioning of air brake system, the distributor valve has to operate efficaciously during 1) Charging stage 2) use stage 3) fire stage 1) CHARGING lay outDuring charging stage the compressed air flows from the brake pipe and enters into the brake pipe chamber of main valve, chopoff valve and cursorily proceeds valve. Due to this drive the various valve get pioneer and perform as under main VALVE Due to brake pipe oblige acting on top face of the large midriff, first derivative boneyt acts on the main valve. As a consequence the cakehole stem moves downward there by connecting brake cylinder to atmosphere. In addition these because of BP ram at top of large layover it press ring and trigger. This action unlocks the CR eat valve by raising upward(a) the locking rod.CUT finish up VALVE As brake pipe pressure enters into the cut off valve it flows through the solex jet and valve, (which is held upon due to action of BP pressure on behind side of the lower check) to the take for reservoir, as the CR & BP pressure equalizes, pileage assembly comedown and valve domain to lap speckle. The control reservoir pressure now also reaches to the amphetamine dish out of top arrest of quick religious service valve and the understructure mess of large plosive speech sound of main valve simultaneou sly, the auxiliary reservoir is charged with BP pressure orbit from cut off valve chamber- via auxiliary reservoir check valve. ) act STAGE indispensableness APPLICATION During sine qua non application the brake pipe pressure is reduced rapidly to 0 kg / cm2 by the drivers brake valve. Because of this drop the position of the various valves impart be as exposit below. main(prenominal) VALVE With drop in BP pressure to 0 kg / cm2 differential gear pressure acts cros throw offs the large plosive consonant. As a result the poke stem is moved in upward watchfulness and pushes the check valve there by arising the departure for introduction of auxiliary reservoir pressure at top portion of main valve. This pressure then(prenominal) gets a way to break cylinder through hold in turn of events.The brake cylinder gum olibanum gets charged with the compressed air. This pressure is know as BC-pressure. adjustment DEVICE The auxiliary reservoir pressure, which entered into t he top position of main valve, now enters the limit crook through the valve, which is held open. From limiting device air pressure now enter the brake cylinder. When the BC pressure rises to 3. 8 kg / cm2 the upwardly force on the diaphragm lifts the pass along and the valve at the penetrate of the limiting device gets closed. Thus raise accounting entry of air into the brake cylinder stops. When the brake cylinder pressure reaches 3. kg / cm2 this pressure i. e. BC pressure act on trespass face of vitiated diaphragm of main valve ? Bottom face of stop number diaphragm of cut off valve ? Top (small chamber) of quick service valve Now because of this BC pressure acting at main valve small diaphragm, the hollow stem is leave outed down. As a result the check valve at top comes down to close stage and buy out lap position with the hollow stem closing further entry of AR pressure. CUT sullen VALVE In cut off valve the derriere face of the upper diaphragm is subjected to BC pressure because of which be fork over is lifted.Also the upper portion of lower diaphragm is subjected to CR pressure, which pushes the total assembly downwards. This action closes the valve off cut off valve, these by discriminate it from control reservoir pressure. libertine overhaul VALVE In quick service valve BC pressure acts at the top of valve and control reservoir pressure act at top face of upper diaphragm, As a result the stem is pushed down BP pressure inside the DV is at 0 kg / cm2 the residue BP pressure from the bulb of quick service valve leave behind flow back and vent to atmosphere with the BP line.GRADUATED APPLICATION During gradatory brake application the brake pipe pressure is captive in steps by driver is brake valve. The movement of various valve assemblies is almost in the some direction as during unavoidableness application, but their movement is relatively less. In the main valve however after each application the hollow stem assumes the lap posi tion with the check valve. In addition to this during graduate application the throne valve of limiting device is held open to allow compressed air to enter into brake cylinder. When BC pressure reaches 3. kg / cm2 the commode valve in the limiting device gets closed, also at the prison term of full service application as the BC pressure reaches 3. 8 + 0. 1 kg / cm2 within specified time, the position of various valve assemblies bequeath be the very(prenominal) as exposit above. 3) RELEASE STAGE When the brake pipe pressure is change magnitude in steps for graduated release of breaks the position of different valve is as described below. MAIN VALVE At the top face of large diaphragm as the BP pressure increases, the hollow stem is moved down ward leaving its lap position with check valve.The BC pressure thus finds a overtaking from top of hollow stem to eradicate to the atmosphere. This action reduces pressure on top of the upper diaphragm and the hollow stem engine lif ts up to lap position. It closes the hollow stem top portion. The some pass is repeated when BP is change magnitude during next stage. In this way graduated release set up is obtained. CUT off VALVE As the BP pressure increase the position of cut off valve hang ins akin as in graduated application i. e. the cut off valve lead remain close isolating CR pressure from brake pipe pressure. QUICK SERVICE VALVEWhen the BP pressure is increased then as explained above from the main valve the BC pressure gets tire outed to atmosphere. This action gradually reduces the BC pressure. When BC pressure reduces to 0. 8 kg / cm2 during brake release, the force at the top of the quick service valve, becomes comparatively less than BP pressure present in Quick service valve. As a result the valve at top gets lifted thereby giving passage to breaked BP pressure to atmosphere with the unloosen of BP pressure the quick services valve of the distributor valve again gets ready for next brake ap plication. MANUAL RELEASEDouble release valve provides for accelerated manual brake release when is particularly expedient during shunting operation. A short pull on the lever of dual release valve is all that is needed. This action opens the control reservoir release chock valve, which is then held open by the locking rod, venting control reservoir through the open control reservoir release check valve brings the main valve to release position and absorb the brake cylinder pressure through the hollow stem. rider EMERGENCY outrage SYSTEM It consists of two components 1. passenger emergency fear signal device (PEASD) 2. rider emergency timidity valve(PAEAV)These two components in combination give an indication to the e driver that some passenger is in need to stop the train. The indication is contagious from the coach when the passenger pulls the stove. Passenger mite Alarm head twirl- PEASD is a manually operated pilot vent valve. It is operated through mechanical force exerted by pull the dread kitchen stove provided inside the coaches for emergency use. Passenger indispensability Alarm Valve- Passenger coaches are fitted with an alarm chain pull emplacement. Alarm chain is connected to the two PEASD which are situated at either side of one end wall of the coach.PEASDS are connected to the PEAV through a 10mm control pipe. BP pressure is ply to the PEAV through a 20mm branch pipe, in the event of alarm chain pull air is eat up form the control pipe connecting PEAV and PEASD do BP pressure to exhaust through the 4 mm choke in the PEAV. This causes partial tone application of brakes. This drop in pressure in the brake pipe line is also find in flow meter fitted in the locomotive for the driver to stop the train. LIFITING SHOP The main constructional and design feature of the ICF/RCF all-coil bogies, used on mainline BG coaches are briefly described as follows S. No. Description Parameters 1 Maximum Axle load bearing 16,25t,13t capacit y 2 Wheel fanny 2896 mm 3 Wheel diameter 915 mm 4 Axle guidance visible axle go crosswise with oil damping 5 native intermission kink ring 6 Secondary suspension Coil bound 7 nook absorbers Vertical dauntpot in primary suspension Hydraulic recur acting plumb shock Absorber in alternative suspension. 8 Transfer of coach body incubus Through bogie side immune carrier pitched at 1600mm ALL-COIL ICF bogy The bogies macrocosm currently manufacture by ICF/RCF which select been accepted as standards of the Indian Railways and are of an all welded light tilt unit construction. Axles are laid on the bogie by telescopic dash pot and axle sharpen assemblies. spiral coil springs are used in both the primary and the secondary stages. The axle guide device provides viscous damping across primary springs part hydraulic dampers are provided across the secondary stage.Dampers are protected against misalignment by bouncing fittings. Isolation of shakiness is effected by hawkshaw pads in primary and secondary suspension. Deflection due to the tare weight is almost every bit divided mingled with axles and reinforce springs. load of coach body is switchred to its bogie by side bearers consist of lubricated metal slides immersed in oil baths. No steep weight transfer is affected through bogie personal identification number man and the pin acts scarce as a centre of rotation and serves to transmit tractive / braking forces only. BOGIE collection The bogie frame and components are of all-welded light construction with a wheel base of 2. 896 metre.The wheel sets are provided with self-aligning spherical roller bearings mounted in cast steel axle box housings. Helical coil springs are used in both primary and secondary suspension. The weight of the coach is transferred through side bearers on the bogie lard ups. The ends of the bogie aggrandizes rest on the long pillow verticillate springs over the lower spring burn hang fr om the bogie frame by the inclined vacillation relate at an angle 70 . Hydraulic shock absorbers and dash pots are provided in the secondary and primary suspensions respectively to damp unsloped shakings. AXLE BOX ask WITH DASH faecal matter brass Axle box guides are of cylindrical type welded to the bottom flanges of the bogie side frame with close dimensional accuracy.These guides unneurotic with lower spring seats located over the axle box wings digest the axle box springs and also serve as shock absorbers. These guides are fitted with guide caps having ball club holes of diameter 5 mm equidistant through which oil in the lower spring seat passes under pressure during dynamic oscillation of coach and provide necessary damping to primary suspension to upraise better sit equality of coach. This type of rigid axle box guide disposition eliminates any longitudinal or transversal relative movement between the axles and the bogie frame. The quantity of oil required to ach ieve 40 mm oil lever above the guide cap in modified transcription is approximately 1. 6 liters and in unmodified arrangement is approximately 1. 4 litters. AIR VENT SCREWSOn the bogie side frames, directly above the dash-pots, tapped holes are provided for replenishing oil in the dash pots. particular(prenominal) screws with copper asbestos washers are screwed on the tapped hole to make it air light. BOGIE dramatise SUSPENSION The tramp rests on the bolster coil springs- two at each end, located on the lower spring beam which is hang up from the bogie side frame by means of bolster-spring-suspension (BSS) hangers on either side. The two ground tackle cogitate diagonally positioned are provided with silent block bushes. The connectors baffle any relative movement between the bogie frame and coach body. leakageS In ICF bogie, volute springs are used in both primary and secondary suspension.The springs are manufacture from raw and centre less ground bar of chrome five/chrom e atomic number 42 steel conforming to STR No. WD-01-HLS-94(Rev. 1) totality PIVOT ARRANGEMENT The centre pivot pin joins the body with the bogie and transmits the tractive and braking forces on the bogies. It does not transmit any unsloped load. It is fitted out(p) with rubber silent block bushes which tend to centralize the bogies with respect to the body and, to some extent, control and damp the angular oscillations of the bogies incline BEARERS The side bearers are provided to support the weight of the coach. It consists of a machined steel wearing plate immersed in an oil bath and a natation bronze-wearing piece with a spherical top surface unploughed in it, on both sides of the bogie bolster.The coach body rests on the top spherical surface of these bronze-wearing pieces through the corresponding attachment on the bottom of the body-bolster. The whole arrangement is provided with a cover to prevent entry of dust in the oil sump. fix LINKS The floating bogie bolster whi ch supports the coach body is held in position longitudinally by the anchor interrelate which are pinned to the bolster sides and the bogie Transoms. One anchor link is provided on each side of the bolster diagonally across. The links can turn universally to take into account the bolster to rise and fall and sway side wards. They are knowing to take the tractive and braking forces. The anchor links are fitted with silent block bushes SILENT BLOCKThis is a synthetic rubber bush fitted in anchor link and center pivot of ICF bogies to transmit force without shock and reduce noise. EQUALISING STAYS This Device has been provided on bogies between the lower spring plank and the bolster to prevent askance thrust on the bolster springs which have not been designed to take lateral pass force. These links have pin connection at both ends and therefore can swivel freely. BOLESTER SPRING SUSPENSION HANGERS (BSS HANGERS) In the secondary suspension the bolster is support on helical coil sp rings which are placed on the lower spring plank is suspended from the bogie side frame through BSS hanger on hanger blocks. stupefaction ABSORBERSHydraulic shock absorber is also provided to work in parallel with the bolster springs to facilitate damping for vertical oscillations. WORKSHOP MAINTENANCE- BOGIE SHOP 1. pram Lifting 2. Bogie cleaning 3. Bogie pull down 4. Component cleaning 5. Attention to components 6. liven up of components 7. Bogie assembly 8. Load testing and adjustment 9. glowering of coach 10. final adjustment heading- To study inspection & testing procedure of helical spring of coaches also bring up methods of improvement to reduce rejection & prevention from corrosion. practice OF SPRINGS- Springs are used in the suspension system of coaches to absorbs the jerks create during running of coach and provide blow to the passengers. INSPECTION OF SPRINGS- Springs are inspected during every POH.The inspection procedure is as follows ? Springs which are let down from the bogie are sent for the race in spring section. Here the springs are dipped in the caustic keynote tank for 12 to 16 hrs. so the oil, grease, scale etc are cleaned. ? Springs are then washed by the water jet. ? visually inspect the springs for breakage, conjoin marks, cracks and corrosion pits. ? fracture peening for surface finish and wear down remainder of springs. ? Cracks are tried in magna immingle machine. ? Coding of springs ? anti corrosive coat of red oxide, and painted. ? Load test ? radical SHOT PEENING- conjecture peening is done for the surface finish and fatigue relief of springs.In beam peening process small particles of chilled iron are blasted on the springs with high velocity, so these particles works as abrasive and take away a fine layer of metal with it. And the surface of springs looks clean. Rotary knock back Type sally Blasting machine is used for the surmisal peening process. This machine has two tables which alternately idiotic by springs. The max. dia of job is 1800 mm and load carrying capacity is 2500kg.. At a time 25 axle box springs or 18 bolster springs can be torpedo peened by the machine. interrogation OF CRACKS- It is nondestructive method of testing. Magna aggregate machine is used for undercover work of cracks in spring. The spring is first bathed by the solution of flouroscent, iron pulverization and kerosene.Then the springs are alter by the machine with clamping in machine itself. When the springs are magnetized, the springs are lightened by the ultraviolet illumination lamp. Since the process is done in the turned room, so if the springs have cracks then this flouroscent shines which penetrated in the springs due to crack ness and detection of cracks is done so the spring will rejected. LOAD probe- After cryptanalysis and coating of paint the springs are sent to the load test. The springs are tested for the 2000ton load and this load is kept for 1 to 2 minutes. If the springs can su stain this load with particular(a) deflection then springs are selected else rejected. METHODS OF overture- Use the springs made of standardized material as suggested by Railways Standard. ? The springs should be made of fine grained spring steel. ? Use the springs manufactured by the trustworthy company and also notice the manufacturing process of springs should be gibe to the standardized method. ? 100% of springs should be checked for all the test procedure. PREVENTION FROM CORROSION- Springs should be coated with the anticorrosive paint and obscure bituminous paint. Technician 2 Technician 1 higher-ranking technician supervisor Supervisor jr. Engineer 2 younger Engineer 2 Junior Engineer 1 Junior Engineer 1 Section Engineer Senior Section Engineer (SSE) coadjutor